NxES Africa Cooperative 

This Ellen MacArthur Foundation system diagram illustrates the continu

A circular economy reduces material use, redesigns materials and products to be less resource intensive, and recaptures “waste” as a resource to manufacture new materials and products.

Waste management strategy I4.0 As guidlines for our projects

Introduced SWM 4.0 by considering Industry 4.0 technologies in waste management.

Reviewed I4.0 role in waste types, processes, and strategies of waste management.

Developed SWM 4.0 framework through smart factories, cities, businesses, and people.

Fig. 7. The share of each pillar to accomplish innovative outcomes bas

Accordingly, to achieve the SWM goals, Fig. 8 proposes a developed framework that groups 15 approaches into four key pillars based on their level of importance.

In fact, regardless of the innovative solutions, cooperation among people, cities, businesses, and factories involved in SWM is necessary.

Proprietary systems and design

The current fossil-based economy is moving towards a more bio-based economy. To enable this transition, many different processes for biorefinery are being developed. Small-scale biorefinery processes can be beneficial, not only socially and ecologically, but also economically. The main motivation for smallscale biorefinery is local re-use of materials, like water, minerals, organic matter, CO2, and heat. This minimizes costs for recycling and transport. A smart and integrated process design can ...

CDM Principle

How do CDM projects contribute to sustainable development?
The primary purpose of a CDM project is that it should generate climate benefits as it contributes to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. However, it is also important to know that the project always contributes to sustainable development to the project country and the local region by adding economic and social benefits. Which benefits the CDM projects contribute to depends on where and what type of project it is. Common benefits are...

Fig. 8. SWM4.0 framework.

Finally, Fig. 9 unifies all the findings and extracted results toward SWM4.0, which allows managers to better decide how to implement I4.0 tools.
In order to achieve SWM4.0, we need to consider the role of key players: smart people, smart businesses, smart cities, and smart factories to effectively achieve innovative solutions.
Moreover, in addition to the I4.0 technology yield, such as Construction4.0, Agriculture4.0, Lean4.0, it is crucial that sustainability and circular economy are consid...